![]() Red arrows point to a projected vessel from the superficial retinal layer, note that the same vessel is no longer present after software correction. c– f Projection artifact: en face projection of the ddeep retinal layer before artifact removal c and after artifact removal e. B-scan through this area ( b) shows a blurry image with erroneous flow pixels. The horizontal lines represent areas where OCTA acquisition was disrupted by movement. a, b Motion artifact: en face image of the full retinal projection, white arrow points to an example of motion artifact ( a). Eugenia Custo Greig has no financial disclosures or competing interests. He is a shareholder at Hemera Biosciences (Waltham, MA, USA). He is a director of entity at Sesen Bio (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) and Eye-Point Pharma (Watertown, MA, USA). He is a consultant at Aldeyra Therapeutics (Lexington, MA, USA), Allergan Pharmaceuticals (Dublin, Ireland), Aura Biosciences (Cambridge, MA, USA), Bausch Health (Laval, Canada), Beyeonics (Haifa, Israel), Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA), Novartis (Basel, Switzerland) and Roche (Basel, Switzerland). Duker receives financial support from Carl Zeiss Meditec (Jena, Germany) and Optovue Inc (Fremont, CA, USA). She has a personal financial interest in the Boston Imaging Reading Center (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) and Ocudyne. She is an officer of entity at Gyroscope (Ambler, Pennsylvania, USA). She is a speaker for Nidek Medical Products (Gamagori, Japan) and Topcon (Tokyo, Japan). ![]() She is a consultant for Topcon (Tokyo, Japan), Roche/Genentech (San Francisco, California, USA), Regeneron (Tarrytown, New York, USA), Apellis (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA), Astellas (Tokyo, Japan), Boehringer Ingelheim (Ingelheim, Germany), Novartis (Basel, Germany). Nadia Waheed receives financial support from a Massachusetts Lions Club Grant (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) and a Research to Prevent Blindness Challenge Grant (New York, New York, USA). This review provides a toolkit for successful image interpretation in a clinical setting.Īrtifacts Interpretation Optical coherence tomography angiography. OCTA is evolving from a scientific tool to a clinical imaging device. Lastly, the use of OCTA for the clinical interpretation of retinal pathology, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, is discussed. Slabs offered in standard OCTA devices are reviewed, and clinical uses for each slab are outlined. OCTA has the unique ability among retinovascular imaging modalities to individually visualize each retinal plexus. New methods and best practices to prevent image artifacts are discussed. The review begins with a summary of OCTA technology and artifacts that arise from image acquisition. BODY: This review provides an overview of OCTA imaging and details tips for successful interpretation. While countless publications detail OCTA's use for the study of retinal microvasculature, few studies outline OCTA's clinical utility. Over time, more clinical practices have adopted OCTA imaging. This technology has been commercially available since 2014, however, much of its use has been limited to the research setting. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can image the retinal vasculature in vivo, without the need for contrast dye.
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